No element of Europe's modern transformation held a greater significance for the history of humankind than the Industrial Revolution. The global context for this economic transformation was due to the increase in population from about 375 million in 1400 to about 1 billion in the early nineteenth century. The Industrial Revolution marks a human response to that dilemma as nonrenewable fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas replaced the previously used renewable energy sources of wind, water, wood, and the muscles power of people and animals. Their ability to farm with more advanced techniques allowed to feed the rapidly growing population. Access to huge new sources of energy gave rise to an enormously increased output of goods and services. It began to grow beyond the textile industry to iron and steel production, railroads and steamships, food processing, and construction. Following this later in the nineteenth century, industrial revolution began to focus on chemicals, ...
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